UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC

Develops SHIELD (Solid High-performance Innovative Engine Lubrication for Durability), advanced lubrication for rotary engines in Navy UAS applications.

sources 7 record sources · provenance backfill in progress last checked 6 Jun 2026 next review due 4 Sept 2026 Suggest a correction

Highlights

1 fact

Tracked signals (12mo) 19
confidence not yet assessed as of 6 Jun 2026
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Tracked signals (12mo): 19. robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-06-06; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:signal_count

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_united-protective-technologies-llc_signal_count,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Tracked signals (12mo)},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:signal_count},
  note = {As of 2026-06-06; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:signal_count",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Tracked signals (12mo)",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:signal_count",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        6,
        6
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-06-06; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

What they do

7 products

ProductLaunchEnvironmentStatusCitation
COIL (Alternate Lubrication Mechanisms for Small UAV and Attritable Weapon Systems) 2023 Aerial PROTOTYPE
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product: COIL (Alternate Lubrication Mechanisms for Small UAV and Attritable Weapon Systems). robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:coil-alternate-lubrication-mechanisms-for-small-uav-and-attritable-weapon-systems

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_united-protective-technologies-llc_product_coil-alternate-lubrication-mechanisms-for-small-uav-and-attritable-weapon-systems,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:coil-alternate-lubrication-mechanisms-for-small-uav-and-attritable-weapon-systems},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:coil-alternate-lubrication-mechanisms-for-small-uav-and-attritable-weapon-systems",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:coil-alternate-lubrication-mechanisms-for-small-uav-and-attritable-weapon-systems",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

NMC (Nanoshell Matrix Composites for Hypersonic Thermal Protection Systems) 2023 Aerial PROTOTYPE
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product: NMC (Nanoshell Matrix Composites for Hypersonic Thermal Protection Systems). robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:nmc-nanoshell-matrix-composites-for-hypersonic-thermal-protection-systems

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_united-protective-technologies-llc_product_nmc-nanoshell-matrix-composites-for-hypersonic-thermal-protection-systems,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:nmc-nanoshell-matrix-composites-for-hypersonic-thermal-protection-systems},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:nmc-nanoshell-matrix-composites-for-hypersonic-thermal-protection-systems",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:nmc-nanoshell-matrix-composites-for-hypersonic-thermal-protection-systems",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

Optics/Sensor Coatings Outdoor FIELDED
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product: Optics/Sensor Coatings. robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:optics-sensor-coatings

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_united-protective-technologies-llc_product_optics-sensor-coatings,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:optics-sensor-coatings},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:optics-sensor-coatings",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:optics-sensor-coatings",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

P51+ Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) Coating Outdoor FIELDED
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product: P51+ Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) Coating. robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:p51-diamond-like-carbon-dlc-coating

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_united-protective-technologies-llc_product_p51-diamond-like-carbon-dlc-coating,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:p51-diamond-like-carbon-dlc-coating},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:p51-diamond-like-carbon-dlc-coating",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:p51-diamond-like-carbon-dlc-coating",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

Protective Appliqués for Airframe Windshields Outdoor FIELDED
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product: Protective Appliqués for Airframe Windshields. robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:protective-appliqu-s-for-airframe-windshields

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_united-protective-technologies-llc_product_protective-appliqu-s-for-airframe-windshields,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:protective-appliqu-s-for-airframe-windshields},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:protective-appliqu-s-for-airframe-windshields",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:protective-appliqu-s-for-airframe-windshields",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

RBAT (Handheld Measurement Device and Training Website) Indoor FIELDED
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product: RBAT (Handheld Measurement Device and Training Website). robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:rbat-handheld-measurement-device-and-training-website

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_united-protective-technologies-llc_product_rbat-handheld-measurement-device-and-training-website,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:rbat-handheld-measurement-device-and-training-website},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:rbat-handheld-measurement-device-and-training-website",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:rbat-handheld-measurement-device-and-training-website",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

SHIELD (Solid High-performance Innovative Engine Lubrication for Durability) Aerial PROTOTYPE
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product: SHIELD (Solid High-performance Innovative Engine Lubrication for Durability). robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:shield-solid-high-performance-innovative-engine-lubrication-for-durability

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_united-protective-technologies-llc_product_shield-solid-high-performance-innovative-engine-lubrication-for-durability,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:shield-solid-high-performance-innovative-engine-lubrication-for-durability},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:shield-solid-high-performance-innovative-engine-lubrication-for-durability",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — Product",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:product:shield-solid-high-performance-innovative-engine-lubrication-for-durability",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

Scale & activity

7 deals · $12.7M disclosed · 19 signals

19 tracked signals latest 6 Jun 2026
  1. SBIR Phase II: Hypersonic TPS Manufacturing $899.9K source ↗
    CITE

    As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

    Plain text

    UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — GRANT: SBIR Phase II: Hypersonic TPS Manufacturing. robotics.press Directory. As of 2025-01-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2025-01-01-grant

    BibTeX

    @misc{robotics_press_united-protective-technologies-llc_deal_2025-01-01-grant,
      author = {{robotics.press}},
      title = {UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — GRANT},
      howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
      year = {2025},
      url = {https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2025-01-01-grant},
      note = {As of 2025-01-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
    }

    CSL JSON

    {
      "id": "fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2025-01-01-grant",
      "type": "webpage",
      "title": "UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — GRANT",
      "author": [
        {
          "literal": "robotics.press"
        }
      ],
      "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
      "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2025-01-01-grant",
      "issued": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2025,
            1,
            1
          ]
        ]
      },
      "note": "As of 2025-01-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
      "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
    }

  2. SBIR Phase I: COIL (Small UAV Lubrication) $139.9K source ↗
    CITE

    As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

    Plain text

    UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — GRANT: SBIR Phase I: COIL (Small UAV Lubrication). robotics.press Directory. As of 2023-01-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2023-01-01-grant

    BibTeX

    @misc{robotics_press_united-protective-technologies-llc_deal_2023-01-01-grant,
      author = {{robotics.press}},
      title = {UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — GRANT},
      howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
      year = {2023},
      url = {https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2023-01-01-grant},
      note = {As of 2023-01-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
    }

    CSL JSON

    {
      "id": "fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2023-01-01-grant",
      "type": "webpage",
      "title": "UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — GRANT",
      "author": [
        {
          "literal": "robotics.press"
        }
      ],
      "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
      "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2023-01-01-grant",
      "issued": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2023,
            1,
            1
          ]
        ]
      },
      "note": "As of 2023-01-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
      "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
    }

  3. SBIR Phase I: NMC Hypersonic TPS $238.9K source ↗
    CITE

    As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

    Plain text

    UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — GRANT: SBIR Phase I: NMC Hypersonic TPS. robotics.press Directory. As of 2023-01-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2023-01-01-grant

    BibTeX

    @misc{robotics_press_united-protective-technologies-llc_deal_2023-01-01-grant,
      author = {{robotics.press}},
      title = {UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — GRANT},
      howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
      year = {2023},
      url = {https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2023-01-01-grant},
      note = {As of 2023-01-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
    }

    CSL JSON

    {
      "id": "fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2023-01-01-grant",
      "type": "webpage",
      "title": "UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — GRANT",
      "author": [
        {
          "literal": "robotics.press"
        }
      ],
      "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
      "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2023-01-01-grant",
      "issued": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2023,
            1,
            1
          ]
        ]
      },
      "note": "As of 2023-01-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
      "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
    }

  4. Industrial Coating Customer Portfolio PARTNERSHIP source ↗
    CITE

    As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

    Plain text

    UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — PARTNERSHIP: Industrial Coating Customer Portfolio. robotics.press Directory. As of 2022-07-26; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2022-07-26-partnership

    BibTeX

    @misc{robotics_press_united-protective-technologies-llc_deal_2022-07-26-partnership,
      author = {{robotics.press}},
      title = {UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — PARTNERSHIP},
      howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
      year = {2022},
      url = {https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2022-07-26-partnership},
      note = {As of 2022-07-26; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
    }

    CSL JSON

    {
      "id": "fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2022-07-26-partnership",
      "type": "webpage",
      "title": "UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — PARTNERSHIP",
      "author": [
        {
          "literal": "robotics.press"
        }
      ],
      "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
      "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2022-07-26-partnership",
      "issued": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2022,
            7,
            26
          ]
        ]
      },
      "note": "As of 2022-07-26; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
      "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
    }

  5. UNC Charlotte R&D Partnership PARTNERSHIP source ↗
    CITE

    As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

    Plain text

    UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — PARTNERSHIP: UNC Charlotte R&D Partnership. robotics.press Directory. As of 2022-01-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2022-01-01-partnership

    BibTeX

    @misc{robotics_press_united-protective-technologies-llc_deal_2022-01-01-partnership,
      author = {{robotics.press}},
      title = {UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — PARTNERSHIP},
      howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
      year = {2022},
      url = {https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2022-01-01-partnership},
      note = {As of 2022-01-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
    }

    CSL JSON

    {
      "id": "fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2022-01-01-partnership",
      "type": "webpage",
      "title": "UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC — PARTNERSHIP",
      "author": [
        {
          "literal": "robotics.press"
        }
      ],
      "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
      "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/united-protective-technologies-llc/#fact:united-protective-technologies-llc:deal:2022-01-01-partnership",
      "issued": {
        "date-parts": [
          [
            2022,
            1,
            1
          ]
        ]
      },
      "note": "As of 2022-01-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
      "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
    }

View all 7 deals →

Deployment sites: searched, not found. We searched the available record and found no published evidence.

Analysis

Research Report: UNITED PROTECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC

quick report · 6 Jun 2026 · 10 sources · 2,457 words

United Protective Technologies, LLC is a privately held specialty coatings and materials engineering company founded in 2002, headquartered in North Carolina with multi-site operations. The report examines UPT's advanced surface solutions (diamond-like carbon and PVD/PECVD coatings) and their applications across aerospace, defense, and industrial markets, including enabling technologies for autonomous systems and UAVs.

What the full report unlocks
  • Research methods and evidence notes
  • Market implications and peer comparison
  • Risk register and source appendix
Unlock the full report →

Dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15 · schema 1.0.0 · data changed 23 Jul 2026

Deals & events7

Funding, contracts, partnerships and acquisitions on record.

Signals1

Collected mentions that contributed to this profile.