R80D Sky-Raider

Drone detection & airspace protection Public-safety & emergency-response robots

Manufacturer of the R80D Sky-Raider attack drone platform used by U.S

sources 3 record sources · provenance backfill in progress last checked 12 Jun 2026 next review due 10 Sept 2026 Suggest a correction

Highlights

1 fact

Tracked signals (12mo) 23
confidence not yet assessed as of 20 Jul 2026
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

R80D Sky-Raider — Tracked signals (12mo): 23. robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-20; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:signal_count

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_r80d-sky-raider_signal_count,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {R80D Sky-Raider — Tracked signals (12mo)},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:signal_count},
  note = {As of 2026-07-20; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:r80d-sky-raider:signal_count",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "R80D Sky-Raider — Tracked signals (12mo)",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:signal_count",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        20
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-20; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

What they do

10 products

10 products are recorded; the five-item preview is shown below.

ProductLaunchEnvironmentStatusCitation
Black Hornet PRS Outdoor FIELDED
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

R80D Sky-Raider — Product: Black Hornet PRS. robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:black-hornet-prs

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_r80d-sky-raider_product_black-hornet-prs,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {R80D Sky-Raider — Product},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:black-hornet-prs},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:black-hornet-prs",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "R80D Sky-Raider — Product",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:black-hornet-prs",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

HDZoom30 Outdoor FIELDED
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

R80D Sky-Raider — Product: HDZoom30. robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:hdzoom30

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_r80d-sky-raider_product_hdzoom30,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {R80D Sky-Raider — Product},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:hdzoom30},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:hdzoom30",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "R80D Sky-Raider — Product",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:hdzoom30",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

Hoverfly Outdoor FIELDED
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

R80D Sky-Raider — Product: Hoverfly. robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:hoverfly

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_r80d-sky-raider_product_hoverfly,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {R80D Sky-Raider — Product},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:hoverfly},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:hoverfly",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "R80D Sky-Raider — Product",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:hoverfly",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

Osprey Outdoor FIELDED
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

R80D Sky-Raider — Product: Osprey. robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:osprey

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_r80d-sky-raider_product_osprey,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {R80D Sky-Raider — Product},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:osprey},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:osprey",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "R80D Sky-Raider — Product",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:osprey",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

Payload Development Kit (PDK) FIELDED
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

R80D Sky-Raider — Product: Payload Development Kit (PDK). robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:payload-development-kit-pdk

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_r80d-sky-raider_product_payload-development-kit-pdk,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {R80D Sky-Raider — Product},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:payload-development-kit-pdk},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:payload-development-kit-pdk",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "R80D Sky-Raider — Product",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:payload-development-kit-pdk",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

R80D SkyRaider 2018 Outdoor FIELDED
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

R80D Sky-Raider — Product: R80D SkyRaider. robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:r80d-skyraider

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_r80d-sky-raider_product_r80d-skyraider,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {R80D Sky-Raider — Product},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:r80d-skyraider},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:r80d-skyraider",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "R80D Sky-Raider — Product",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:r80d-skyraider",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

RaiderOS FIELDED
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

R80D Sky-Raider — Product: RaiderOS. robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:raideros

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_r80d-sky-raider_product_raideros,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {R80D Sky-Raider — Product},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:raideros},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:raideros",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "R80D Sky-Raider — Product",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:raideros",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

SkyRanger R70 Outdoor FIELDED
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

R80D Sky-Raider — Product: SkyRanger R70. robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:skyranger-r70

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_r80d-sky-raider_product_skyranger-r70,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {R80D Sky-Raider — Product},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:skyranger-r70},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:skyranger-r70",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "R80D Sky-Raider — Product",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:skyranger-r70",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

StormCaster-DX Outdoor FIELDED
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

R80D Sky-Raider — Product: StormCaster-DX. robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:stormcaster-dx

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_r80d-sky-raider_product_stormcaster-dx,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {R80D Sky-Raider — Product},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:stormcaster-dx},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:stormcaster-dx",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "R80D Sky-Raider — Product",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:stormcaster-dx",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

StormCaster-T Outdoor FIELDED
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

R80D Sky-Raider — Product: StormCaster-T. robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:stormcaster-t

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_r80d-sky-raider_product_stormcaster-t,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {R80D Sky-Raider — Product},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:stormcaster-t},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:stormcaster-t",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "R80D Sky-Raider — Product",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:product:stormcaster-t",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

Scale & activity

3 deals · 23 signals

23 tracked signals latest 20 Jul 2026
DateDealValue / typeEvidenceCitation
1 Jan 2021 Teledyne Technologies Acquires FLIR Systems ACQUISITION source ↗
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

R80D Sky-Raider — ACQUISITION: Teledyne Technologies Acquires FLIR Systems. robotics.press Directory. As of 2021-01-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:deal:2021-01-01-acquisition

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_r80d-sky-raider_deal_2021-01-01-acquisition,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {R80D Sky-Raider — ACQUISITION},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2021},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:deal:2021-01-01-acquisition},
  note = {As of 2021-01-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:r80d-sky-raider:deal:2021-01-01-acquisition",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "R80D Sky-Raider — ACQUISITION",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:deal:2021-01-01-acquisition",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2021,
        1,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2021-01-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

1 Jun 2020 U.S. Marine Corps R80D SkyRaider Contract CONTRACT source ↗
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

R80D Sky-Raider — CONTRACT: U.S. Marine Corps R80D SkyRaider Contract. robotics.press Directory. As of 2020-06-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:deal:2020-06-01-contract

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_r80d-sky-raider_deal_2020-06-01-contract,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {R80D Sky-Raider — CONTRACT},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2020},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:deal:2020-06-01-contract},
  note = {As of 2020-06-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:r80d-sky-raider:deal:2020-06-01-contract",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "R80D Sky-Raider — CONTRACT",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:deal:2020-06-01-contract",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2020,
        6,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2020-06-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

1 Jan 2019 FLIR Systems Acquires Aeryon Labs ACQUISITION source ↗
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

R80D Sky-Raider — ACQUISITION: FLIR Systems Acquires Aeryon Labs. robotics.press Directory. As of 2019-01-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:deal:2019-01-01-acquisition

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_r80d-sky-raider_deal_2019-01-01-acquisition,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {R80D Sky-Raider — ACQUISITION},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2019},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:deal:2019-01-01-acquisition},
  note = {As of 2019-01-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:r80d-sky-raider:deal:2019-01-01-acquisition",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "R80D Sky-Raider — ACQUISITION",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:deal:2019-01-01-acquisition",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2019,
        1,
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2019-01-01; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

Deployment sites: searched, not found. We searched the available record and found no published evidence.

Network

1 person

PersonRoleCitation
Andreas Parsch Author/Researcher, Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles
CITE

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

R80D Sky-Raider — Person: Andreas Parsch — Author/Researcher, Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles. robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:person:andreas-parsch

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_r80d-sky-raider_person_andreas-parsch,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {R80D Sky-Raider — Person},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:person:andreas-parsch},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "fact:r80d-sky-raider:person:andreas-parsch",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "R80D Sky-Raider — Person",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/#fact:r80d-sky-raider:person:andreas-parsch",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

Competitors: searched, not found. We searched the available record and found no published evidence.

Analysis

Research Report: R80D Sky-Raider

quick report · 12 Jun 2026 · 11 sources · 2,231 words

This report analyzes the R80D SkyRaider, a military-grade vertical takeoff and landing unmanned aircraft system developed by Aeryon Defense USA and now operated by Teledyne FLIR Defense. It covers the platform's technical architecture, payload capabilities, autonomy features, operational history with U.S. Marine Corps and Army, and competitive positioning within the tactical UAS market.

What the full report unlocks
  • Research methods and evidence notes
  • Market implications and peer comparison
  • Risk register and source appendix
Unlock the full report →

Sources

Searched, not found

  • competitors
  • deployment sites
Cite this dossier

As of dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15

Plain text

R80D Sky-Raider company dossier. robotics.press Directory. As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15. https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/

BibTeX

@misc{robotics_press_r80d-sky-raider_dossier,
  author = {{robotics.press}},
  title = {R80D Sky-Raider company dossier},
  howpublished = {robotics.press Directory},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/},
  note = {As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15}
}

CSL JSON

{
  "id": "robotics-press-r80d-sky-raider",
  "type": "webpage",
  "title": "R80D Sky-Raider company dossier",
  "author": [
    {
      "literal": "robotics.press"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "robotics.press Directory",
  "URL": "https://robotics.press/company/r80d-sky-raider/",
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2026,
        7,
        23
      ]
    ]
  },
  "note": "As of 2026-07-23; dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15",
  "dataset-release": "rp-dir-2026-07-15"
}

Dataset rp-dir-2026-07-15 · schema 1.0.0 · data changed 23 Jul 2026

People1

Named individuals associated with this company.

  • Andreas ParschAuthor/Researcher, Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles

Deals & events3

Funding, contracts, partnerships and acquisitions on record.

Signals1

Collected mentions that contributed to this profile.